Pupils learn that most soils are made from rock fragments (sand), animal and plant fragments (humus), water and air and that soils can be different depending on the plant and animal fragments they contain and the types, number and size of the rock fragments and plant fragments mixed into them. Pupils use a hand lens to investigate two soils to see what they consist of. During the investigation they have to try and identify if the soil samples belong to a sandy soil, peaty soil, clay soil or a stony soil.
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